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Subject: computers
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kartadam 20.09.08 - 04:51pm
here i ll give som infos befor buying pc. Looking to buy a new desktop personal computer system? This guide covers many of the basic items to examine when comparing desktop computer systems so that you can make an informed purchasing decision. Due to the changing nature of the PC Hardware industry, this guide will be periodically updated. Links are provided below each topic for a more detailed discussion on that subject *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 04:52pm
Processor choices are a bit more difficult now then they were before. It is still really a choice between an AMD and an Intel processor. The difference really comes in how many cores there are in the processor and its relative speed. Each company now has a performance rating system that isn't really easy to compare. Due to the complexity, its best to refer to my links below for a more detailed explanation of CPUs for budget and uses. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 04:55pm
1. AMD Performance - Phenom 9850 Black Edition
AMD has fallen pretty far in terms of high performance processors. The Phenom processor lineup was designed to try and compete with the Intel Core 2 Quad lineup. The Phenom 9850 features four processor cores on a single chip with a default clock of 2.5GHz. This is step up from the previous first generation Phenom processors but much lower than Intel's offering for the high end. The Black Edition of the processor is clock unlocked though for those wishing to try and push as much performance from it as they can. The one big advantage that AMD has of course is price. This processor is roughly 1/4 the cost of Intel's Core 2 Extreme lineup. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 04:56pm
2. Intel Performance - Core 2 Extreme QX9775
If absolute speed is your goal without the worry of cost, then the Intel Core 2 Extreme QX9775 is the processor to look at. This quad core processor runs at an amazingly fast 3.2GHz speed and comes equipped with a gigantic 12MB of cache memory. This gives it out of the world performance in just about any application on the market. Of course, the price of the processor is more than some complete desktop computer systems that still offer very strong performance.
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kartadam 20.09.08 - 04:57pm
3. AMD Value - Phenom 9850 Black Edition
AMD hasn't released any new processors in the past few months. As a result, the Phenom 9850 Black Edition price has fallen below the 250 value threshold. This makes AMD's highest performance consumer desktop processor also the best value processor. While not as fast as the Intel Core 2 Quad models on the market, it certainly provides a very competitive product for its price. And if you want even more, the Black Edition is always clock unlocked for easy overclocking. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 04:57pm
4. Intel Value - Core 2 Duo E8500
While quad core processors are certainly in the headlines more for desktops, their frankly aren't many applications that can take advantage of all four cores. Unless you are doing desktop video or heavy multitasking, a dual core processor is generally going to provide you with a better overall experience. The Core 2 Duo E8500 is one of the fastest dual core processors from Intel on the market right now and comes with an extremely affordable price tag. And if that 3.16GHz core speed isn't fast enough for you, the series is well known for its bus overclocking for extra performance. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 04:58pm
5. AMD Budget - Athlon 64 X2 6000+
For years, AMD was the budget alternative to Intel processors. They jumped out of this with the original release of the Athlon processors, but they have slid back down. Because of this, AMD has slashed prices offering some very strong performance for very little cash. The Athlon 64 X2 6000+ is currently the fastest of the older generation processors topping out at 3.0Ghz with two processors cores and support for DDR2 memory. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 04:59pm
6. Intel Budget - Pentium E5200
The Intel Pentium E5200 is actually based around the Core 2 processor design. In fact, it uses the same 45nm core as the extremely popular Intel Core Duo 2 E8000 Wolfsdale processors just with lower clock speeds and caches. The main reason for it to retain the Pentium name is to separate itself from the more performance oriented versions as a budget oriented product. This 2.5GHz part has more than enough performance for all the basic computing tasks and can even handle some of the higher end stuff, just not as quickly. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:00pm
next to consider is Memory (RAM)
Most desktop computers now use a type of memory called DDR2. Some high performance ones might use DDR3, but this is quite expensive. Avoid systems using the older DDR memory standard. In terms of amount, it is best to have at least 1GB of memory in the system and preferably 2GB. Memory speeds can impact performance as well. The faster the memory, the better the performance should be. When buying memory, try to buy as few DIMMs as possible to allow for future memory upgrades if needed. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:05pm
The rule of thumb that I use for all computer systems for determining if it has enough memory is to look at the requirements of the software you intend to run. Pick up the boxes for each of the applications and the OS that you intend to run and look at both the minimum and recommended requirements. Typically you want to have more RAM than the highest minimum and ideally at least as much as the highest listed recommended requirement. The following chart provides a general idea of how a system will run with various amounts of memory:
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kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:06pm
Minimum Functionality: 1GB
Optimal: 2GB
Smooth Sailing: 4GB or more
The ranges provided are a generalization based upon most common computing tasks. It is best to check the requirements of the intended software to make the final decisions. This is not accurate for all computer tasks because some operating systems use more memory than others.
Note: If you inted to use more than 4GB of memory, you must have a 64-bit operating system to get past the 4GB barrier. More information can be found in my Vista an 4GB of RAM article. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:06pm
The type of memory does matter to the performance of a system. There are two basic types of memory currently used: DDR2 and DDR3. There are older RDRAM and SDRAM modules, but these forms are both outdated and should be avoided in a computer purchase. DDR is still available, but unlike to be installed in any currently sold PCs. Beyond the type of memory, each memory type also has a related speed to that ram as well. Below is a chart detailing the order of the type and speed in order of slowest to fastest:
DDR2 400 MHz or PC2-3200
DDR2 533 MHz or PC2-4200
DDR2 667 MHz or PC2-5300/PC2-5400
DDR3 800 MHz or PC3-6400
DDR2 800 MHz or PC2-6400
DDR3 1066 MHz or PC3-8500
DDR3 1333 MHz or PC3-10600/PC3-10666
DDR3 1600 MHz or PC3-12800
These speeds are all relative to the theoretical bandwidths of each type of memory at its given clock speed when compared to another. A computer system will only be able to use one type (DDR2 or DDR3) of memory and this should only be used as a comparison when the CPU is identical between the two systems. These are also the JDEC memory standards. Other memory speeds are available above these stardard rating *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:07pm
One other thing that you might want to consider is how much memory the system can support. Most desktop systems tend to have a total of four memory slots on the boards with modules installed in pairs. Smaller form factor systems typically will only have a two RAM slots. The way these slots are used can play a key role in how you can upgrade memory in the future.
For example, a system may come with 2GB of memory. With four memory slots, this memory amount can be installed with either two 1GB memory modules or four 512MB modules. If you are looking at future memory upgrades, it is better to purchase a system using two 1GB modules as there is available slots for upgrades without having to remove modules and RAM to increase the overall amount. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:08pm
next comes Hard Drives
Hard drives really boil down to size and speed. The larger the drive and the faster, the better the performance and capacity. In a desktop, it is best to have at least 250GB or more of storage space these days. In terms of speed, they are pretty much all running at 7200rpm now. A few high performance 10,000rpm drives are available. Most drives use the Serial ATA interface now for ease of installation. Performance wise, there is little difference still between Serial ATA and the older IDE standards.
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kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:12pm
next optical
Optical Drives (CD/DVD)
Most systems sold now feature DVD burners, even the budget systems. It is best to make sure that you get a multiformat DVD burner that can support both the +R/RW and -R/RW formats. Speeds should be 16x for the recordable speed. Dual or Double Layer media support is also a common feature although less likely to be used due to media cost. If you don't need a DVD burner, try to at least get a CD-RW/DVD combo drive of 24x recording speed to allow for CD media storage and DVD playback. Options also include LightScribe or Labelflash support for burning labels directly to compatible media *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:14pm
Drive Types
There are three basic forms of optical storage used in computers today: compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD) and Blu-ray. Compact disc storage was derived from the same media that we use from audio compact discs. The storage space averages around 650 to 700 MB of data per disc. They can contain audio, data or both on the same disc. Most software for computers is distributed on CD formats. DVD was the development for a compact digital video format that also spun off into the data storage arena. DVD is seen primarily for video and has only recently really started to be used for software distribution. DVD drives are still backwards compatible with CD formats however.
Blu-ray and HD-DVD were both in the high definition format war but Blu-ray eventually won out. Each of these is capable of storing high definition video signals or data capacities ranging from as low as 25GB to over 200GB depending upon the number of layers on the discs. Since the two formats are incompatible with one another, drives may use one or both of the formats. They use a different type of laser from standard CD and DVD so a drive may not necessary be backwards compatible with CD and DVDs, but many are.
Now optical drives can come as read only (ROM) or as writers (designated with either an R, RW or RAM). Read-only drives will allow you to only read data from discs that already have data on them, they can not be used for removable storage. Writers or burners can be used to save data, create music CDs or video discs that can be played in DVD players.
CD recorders are very standardized and should be compatible with almost all equipment out there. Some CD burners maybe be listed as a combo or CD-RW/DVD drive. These can support reading and writing to CD media and can read DVD media ut not write to it.
DVD recorders are a bit more confusing as there are many more types of media that can be used with them. Most drives at this point can support both the plus and minus versions of the standard along with rewritable. Another new format is the dual-layered or double-layered, typically listed as DL, that supports twice the capacity.
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kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:15pm
Speed Limit Ahead
All optical drives are rated by a multiplier that refers to the maximum speed the drive operates when compared to the original CD or DVD standards. It is not the sustained transfer rate while reading the whole disc. To make matters even worse, some drives have multiple speed listings. How does one know what it all means?
Read only or ROM drives can list up to two speeds. For a CD-ROM drive, there is typically a single speed listed which is the maximum data read speed. Sometimes a second CD ripping speed will also be listed. This refers to the speed at which data can be read from an audio CD for conversion to a computer digital format such as MP3. DVD-ROM drives will typically list two or three speeds. The primary speed is the maximum DVD data read speed while the secondary refers to the maximum CD data read speed. Once again, they may list an additional number that refers to the CD ripping speed from audio CDs.
Optical burners get very complicated. They can list over ten different multipliers for the various media types. Because of this, manufacturers tend to just list a single number for the drives and this will be for the DVD media that it can record the fastest at. Because of this, try to read the detailed specs. A 20x drive may run up to 20x when recording on DVD+R media, but it might only run at 4x when using the DVD+R dual-layer media. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:19pm
next very important
Video Cards
Video card technology seems to change every three to six months. If you aren't really doing any 3D graphics at all, then integrated graphics may be just fine. Beyond this, there are a wide selection of cards. Things to consider include performance, the amount of memory on the card, output connectors and the version of Direct X supported. Those looking to do any gaming should really consider a Direct X 10 card with at least 256MB of memory onboard. Pretty much all new systems will use the PCI-Express graphics standard.
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kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:21pm
1. VisionTek Radeon HD 4850
VisionTek
ATI has made a huge commitment to provide strong performance graphics cards for reasonable prices. Their Radoen HD 4850 certainly provides a lot to offer in the sub-200 graphics market. The latest grophics core from ATI provides some very surprising performance that puts it in the same league as the new NVIDIA GeForce GTX 260 graphics card that sells for nearly double the price. It also has support for Direct X 10.1 which NVIDIA has yet to implement into its cards. ATI has also improved their anti-aliasing engine so that it doesn't have nearly the performance hit that their previous HD 3000 series cards had. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:21pm
2. eVGA GeForce 8800 GTS 512MB
eVGA
This graphics card is generally priced over 200, but with the new product releases and manufacturer rebates, it should make it under this price. The GeForce 8800 GTS 512MB was based around the G92 graphics core that offers some outstanding performance for its time. It still provides very strong frame rates in 3D games.On the downside, the card does take up additional space because of its large cooler that makes it not functional for those with limited space within their PC. This eVGA version of the 8800 GTS offers overclock core speeds of 670MHz over the stock 650MHz but retains the memory speed of 1940MHz. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:22pm
3. eVGA e-GeForce 9600 GT KO
eVGA
The GeForce 9600 series graphics card wasn't really a revolution in terms of design, but more of an update to the 8000 series cards. The 9600 GT did offer some impressive performance especially for the price. In many tests it is the equal of the more expensive 8800 GT series. eVGA has boosted the base clock speed up to 700MHz and the 512MB of memory to 1900MHz. This gives it very strong performance. The new card also uses the PCI-Express 2.0 and SLI compatible. The card is also only a single slot width which can help for those with desktops that have limited internal space. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:22pm
4. MSI GeForce 8800 GT 512M OC
MSI Computer
The GeForce 8800 GT graphics core has been an extremely popular model over the years. It really made a dramatic entrance when the 512MB models were introduced that provided some exceptional performance for very reasonably prices. Those prices have only improved since its initial release because of newer and faster graphics cores. It still can hold its own in pretty much every game available on the market. The MSI version offers an overclocked core that b*mps the core clock from 600 to 660MHz while memory shifts more modestly from 1800 to 1900MHz. Definitely a solid and reliable graphics card choice. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:23pm
5. Sapphire Radeon HD 3870 512MB
Sapphire Technologies
The Radeon HD 3870 is really starting to show its age in this market now. With the new Radeon HD 4000 series cards being released and the new GeForce 200 series, the previous generations of cards are dropping in price quickly. That has pushed the HD 3870 down the list in terms of its price to performance ratio. It still offers a decent level of performance that is good for those wanting to do casual gaming and accelerated video. You might want to consider more recent releases first though. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:24pm
best 5 1. BFG Technologies GeForce GTX 280 OCX
BFG Technologies
If you are looking for the fastest performance available in a single core, single slot solution, BFG Technologies GeForce GTX 280 OCX offers some of the best performance available. It is based on NVIDIA's latest graphics core that offers performance that rivals many multiple card and core setups. BFG ups the performance of the graphics card by pushing the graphics core up to 665MHz and the 1GB of video memory up to 2400MHz. This card can easily handle all the latest Direct X 10 games on the market at extremely high resolutions such as 2560x1600 for those with 30-inch monitors wanting a super high definition gaming experience. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:25pm
2. eVGA e-GeForce 9800 GX2
eVGA
The GeForce 9800 GX2 is the fastest graphics card available currently that packs two graphics cores onto a single card. This is useful for those people wishing to run an SLI setup but only have a single available PCI-Express graphics card slot. Of course, its performance has fallen behind the newer GeForce GTX 280 graphics card, but it is much more reasonably priced and more readily available in the currently market. It is listed as having 1GB of memory, but effectively it really has 512MB as this is how much is allocated to each core. The eVGA model is also recommended because of their 90-day Step-Up program in case you would rather upgrade to the newer GTX 280. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:25pm
3. Sapphire Radeon HD 4870
Sapphire Technology
Sapphire has been a long time partner with ATI. As such, they have a long history of making high quality ATI based graphics cards. The new Radeon HD 4870 is ATI's latest graphics core that is the first to use the new GDDR5 graphics memory that offers extremely fast memory speeds. Rather than using a larger 512-bit bus like NVIDIA though, ATI has chosen to use a smaller 256-bit to help keep costs down. This makes the Radeon HD 4870 significantly less expensive than the GTX 280 and even 260 models. Performance doesn't suffer though as performance is very good and tops the GeForce GTX 260 in most tests but at a lower price. Supplies of the graphics core are limited making them more difficult to find though. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:26pm
4. eVGA GeForce GTX 260 FTW
eVGA
The GeForce GTX 260 graphics core is very similar to the higher end GTX 280, but using a fewer number of stream processors and at a lower clock speed. Performance is still extremely strong from it and requires less energy. EVGA offers the FTW (For The Win) version that pushes the clock speeds of their card well past the default. The core clock speed has been pushed up from 602MHz up to 666Hz. Memory speeds have also been increased to 2214MHz from the 2000MHz default. eVGA provides an extremely strong warranty for this graphics card along with their 90-day Step-Up program in case you want to upgrade to either a GTX 280 card or something else within the time frame of purchase. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:26pm
5. XFX GeForce 9800 GTX x x x Edition
XFX
NVIDIA's previous generation of GeForce singl core graphics cards have dramatically dropped in prices making them very strong values for the level of performance they provide. The XFX GeForce 9800 GTX x x x Edition is one of the fastest version of the GeForce 9800 GTX on the market. XFX has boosted the clock speed up to 740MHz while the memory speed is 2280MHz. And with prices continuing to drop, those who have the ability to put two of the cards into a system can do so for roughly the same or less than the newer GeForce GTX 260 or the older GeForce 9800 GX2 cards. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:29pm
last but not de least Monitors
What good is a desktop PC unless it also has a monitor? Previously users would need to choose between a CRT or LCD monitor, but LCDs are pretty much the standard now because of their reduced size and power consumption. The real issue is more about size and cost of the LCDs. The price difference between 17 and 19-inch models make 19-inch the best overall value although 20 to 22-inch models are quickly dropping in price. Wider display screens are also becoming much more common than the tradition 4:3 aspect ratio. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:30pm
CRTs
The primary advantage that CRT monitors held over LCDs was their color rendering. The contrast ratios and depths of colors displayed were much greater with CRT monitors than LCDs. While this still holds true in most cases, many strides have been made in LCDs such that this difference is not as great as it once was. Many graphic designers still use the very expensive large CRT monitors in their work because of the color advantages. Of course, this color ability does degrade over time as the phosphors in the tube break down.
The other advantage that CRT monitors held over LCD screens is the ability to easily scale to various resolutions. This is referred to as multisync by the industry. By adjusting the electron beam in the tube, the screen can easily be adjusted downward to lower resolutions while keeping the picture clarity intact.
While these two items may play an important role for CRT monitors, there are disadvantages as well. The biggest of these are the size and weight of the tubes. An equivalent sized LCD monitor is upwards of 80% smaller in size and weight compared to a CRT tube. The larger the screen, the bigger the size difference. The other major drawback deals with the power consumption. The energy needed for the electron beam means that the monitors consumer and generate a lot more heat than the LCD monitors.
Pros:
Multisync Capable
High Refresh Rates
Color Clarity and Depth
Cons:
Very Heavy and Large
Use Large Amounts of Energy
Generate Excess Heat *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:30pm
LCDs
The biggest advantage to LCD monitors is their size and weight. As was mentioned earlier, the size and weight of an LCD monitor can be upwards of 80% lighter than an equivalent dimension CRT screen. This makes it possible to users to have larger screens for their computers than was possible before.
LCD screens also tend to produce less eye fatigue to the user. The constant light barrage and scan lines of a CRT tube tend to cause strain on heavy computer users. The lower intensity of the LCD monitors coupled with their constant screen display of pixels being on or off produces less fatigue for the user.
The most notable disadvantage to LCD screens is their fixed or native resolution. An LCD screen can only display the number of pixels in its matrix and no more or less. It can display a lower resolution in one of two ways. Using only a fraction of the total pixels on the display or through extrapolation. Extrapolation is a method whereby the monitor blends multiple pixels together to simulate a single smaller pixel. This can often lead to a blurry or fuzzy image particularly with text when running the screen below is native resolution.
Video was problematic with early LCD monitors because of lower response times. This has been overcome by many improvements, but there are some that still have low response times. Purchasers should be aware of this when purchasing a monitor. However, the improvements are often work arounds that can actually lead to another problem of reduced color clarity. Unfortunately, the industry is very poor about properly listing the specifications for monitors to help buyers understand and compare monitors.
Pros:
Smaller and Lighter
Energy Efficient
Causes Less Eye Fatigue
Cons:
Blurry Images Outside Native Resolution
Motion Blur on Fast Moving Images
Some Models Have Reduced Color Clarity *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:31pm
Conclusions
At this point and time, most consumers will likely be purchasing LCD monitors over CRTs. There is almost no difference in the cost to consumers thanks to production improvements in LCDs and the reduction in the production of CRTs. Typically CRTs will only be seen sold with the least expensive of desktop computer systems or by those with special imaging needs such as graphics and medical professionals. *
kartadam 20.09.08 - 05:32pm
ALL COPY PASTE more infos will be added *
tapojyot 20.09.08 - 07:40pm
thanks for the last post..I was about to calculate that you typed 3.28928...characters per second saying that the time difference was a minute.Anyways,very useful info..and I still need to hang out in the tech and computers for these sound cards motherboard stuff.Actually,I helped a stranger of mine,friend of my father,assemble a computer last winter vacation..knew alot about motherboard..but forgot. *
